Vokabeltexte Chinesisch/ Vokabellektionen/ Lektion 941
Zeichen
[Bearbeiten]| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung | Lernhilfen |
|---|---|---|---|
簇 |
cu4 | Haufen, Bündel | wiktionary Etymologie: |
誨 |
hui4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 诲), instruieren, belehren | wiktionary Etymologie: 
|
祿 |
lu4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 禄),Beamtengehalt, Glück, Reichtum, Segen | wiktionary Etymologie: |
闕 |
que1 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 阙), Mangel, Manko, Unzulänglichkeit, unzureichend, abnehmen, fehlen, Fehler | wiktionary Etymologie: |
| que4 | Wachturm über dem Stadttor, Kaiserstadt, Palasttor, Reichsstadt, kaiserlich | ||
玺 |
xi3 | Siegel des Kaisers, kaiserliches Siegel, Reichssiegel | wiktionary Etymologie: |
Zusammengesetzte Wörter
[Bearbeiten]簇
[Bearbeiten]| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|---|---|
一簇 |
yi1 cu4 | Schopf |
簇叶 |
cu4 ye4 | Blattwerk |
簇葉 |
cu4 ye4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 簇叶), Blattwerk |
代数簇 |
dai4 shu4 cu4 | Algebraische Varietät |
代數簇 |
dai4 shu4 cu4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 代数簇), Algebraische Varietät |
异质晶簇 |
yi4 zhi4 jing1 cu4 | Druse |
果实簇呈球状 |
guo3 shi2 cu4 cheng2 qiu2 zhuang4 | Platane |
在随员簇拥下 |
zai4 sui2 yuan2 cu4 yong1 xia4 | begleiten |
誨
[Bearbeiten]| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|---|---|
訓誨 |
xun4 hui4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 训诲), Belehrung |
教誨 |
jiao4 hui4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 教诲), Unterweisung |
教誨師 |
jiao4 hui4 shi1 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 教诲师), Geistliche, Zuchthaus |
好教誨 |
hao3 jiao4 hui4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 好教诲), didaktisch |
誨人不倦 |
hui4 ren2 bu4 juan4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 诲人不倦), unermüdlich im Lehren |
健全教誨 |
jian4 quan2 jiao4 hui4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 健全教诲), gesunde Lehre |
祿
[Bearbeiten]| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|---|---|
祿豐 |
lu4 feng1 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 禄丰), Lufeng (Ort in Yunnan) |
答祿 |
da1 lu4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 答禄), Dalu |
尼祿 |
ni2 lu4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 尼禄), Nero |
保祿 |
bao3 lu4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 保禄), Paul |
美祿 |
mei3 lu4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 美禄), Nestlé Milo (ein Milchgetränk) |
干祿 |
gan4 lu4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 干禄), Gesuch auf eine Beamtenposition, Beamtenstellunggesuch, nach einen Beamtenstellung suchen |
福祿數 |
fu2 lu4 shu3 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 福禄数), Froude-Zahl |
聖義祿 |
sheng4 yi4 lu4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 圣义禄), Eleutherus |
罕祿魯 |
han3 lu4 lu3 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 罕禄鲁), Hanlulu |
安祿山 |
an1 lu4 shan1 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 安禄山), An Lushan |
聖安祿 |
sheng4 an1 lu4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 圣安禄), Anterus |
蘇祿海 |
su1 lu4 hai3 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 苏禄海), Sulusee |
保祿二世 |
bao3 lu4 er4 shi4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 保禄二世), Paul II. |
才祿一世 |
cai2 lu4 yi1 shi4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 才禄一世), Marcellus I. |
因加白祿 |
yin1 jia1 bai2 lu4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 因加白禄), Incablock |
他加祿語 |
ta1 jia1 lu4 yu3 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 他加禄语), Tagalog (eine Sprache auf den Philippinen) |
福祿貝爾 |
fu2 lu4 bei4 er3 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 福禄贝尔), Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel |
保祿五世 |
bao3 lu4 wu3 shi4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 保禄五世), Paul V. |
干祿字書 |
gan4 lu4 zi4 shu1 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 干禄字书), Ganlu Zishu ("Schriftzeichenbuch für zukünftige Amtsanwärter", Zeichenbuch der Tang-Zeit) |
保祿六世 |
bao3 lu4 liu4 shi4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 保禄六世), Paul VI. |
元祿赤穗事件 |
yuan2 lu4 chi4 sui4 shi4 jian4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 元禄赤穗事件), Geschichte der 47 Rōnin |
若望保祿二世 |
ruo4 wang4 bao3 lu4 er4 shi4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 若望保禄二世), Johannes Paul II. |
聖伯多祿大殿 |
sheng4 bo2 duo1 lu4 da4 dian4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 圣伯多禄大殿), Petersdom |
若望保祿一世 |
ruo4 wang4 bao3 lu4 yi1 shi4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 若望保禄一世), Johannes Paul I. |
闕
[Bearbeiten]| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|---|---|
宮闕 |
gong1 que4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 宫阙), Schloss |
象闕 |
xiang4 que4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 象阙), der Kaiserpalast |
金闕 |
jin1 que4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 金阙), the imperial palace |
城闕 |
cheng2 que4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 城阙), watchtower on either side of a city gate, (literary) city, imperial palace |
闕特勤 |
Que1 te4 qin2 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 阙特勤), Kul Tigin or Kultegin (685-c. 731), general of the Second Turkic Kaganate |
玺
[Bearbeiten]| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|---|---|
玺书 |
xi3 shu1 | kaiserliches Schreiben |
玉玺 |
yu4 xi3 | kaiserliches Jadesiegel |
玺印 |
xi3 yin4 | seal (esp. of ruler) |
国玺 |
guo2 xi3 | seal of state |
印玺 |
yin4 xi3 | official seal, imperial or royal seal, papal bull |
掌玺官 |
zhang3 xi3 guan1 | chancellor (rank in various European states) |
红璧玺 |
hong2 bi4 xi3 | topaz |
单国玺 |
dan1 guo2 xi3 | Paul Shan Kuo-hsi |
掌玺大臣 |
zhang3 xi3 da4 chen2 | chancellor (rank in various European states), grand chancellor |
Sätze und Ausdrücke
[Bearbeiten]簇
[Bearbeiten]| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|
誨
[Bearbeiten]| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|
祿
[Bearbeiten]| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|
闕
[Bearbeiten]| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|---|---|
昔仲尼沒而微言闕，七十子喪而大義乖。 |
Of yore, when Confucius passed away, his subtle words were cut off, and when his seventy disciples died the transmission of their profound meaning diverged. (klassisch, Tatoeba shanghainese ) |
玺
[Bearbeiten]| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|
einsortieren
[Bearbeiten]| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|---|---|
匡国文寇 |
kuang1 guo2 wen2 kou4 | 广祿阙东 (Hundert Familiennamen) |
军士簇拥卢植去了 |
jun1 shi4 cu4 yong1 lu2 zhi2 qu4 le5 | The soldiers surrounded Lu Zhi and departed. (Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第001回) |
簇帝还京 |
cu4 di4 hai2/huan2 jing1 | The entire group returned to the capital (Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第003回) |
到得半路，只见一簇军马 |
dao4 de2/de5/dei3 ban4 lu4 ， zhi3 jian4/xian4 yi1 cu4 jun1 ma3 | After they had gone about half way, they saw a bunch of army horses (Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第001回) |
检点宫中，不见了传国玉玺 |
jian3 dian3 gong1 zhong1/zhong4 ， bu4 jian4/xian4 le5 chuan2/zhuan4 guo2 yu4 xi3 | They conducted a thorough search of the palace, but did not find the Heirloom Jade Seal of the Realm. (Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第003回) |
行爵出祿，必當其位。 |
hang2/xing2 jue2 chu1 祿， bi4 dang1/dang4 qi2 wei4 。 | Rang und Einkommen werden verliehen an die einzelnen entsprechend ihrem Platz. (Lü Bu We Richard Wilhelm) |
以國聽者，祿之以國 |
yi3 guo2 ting1 zhe3 ，祿 zhi1 yi3 guo2 | wer mit einer Großstadt gehorcht, der soll belohnt werden mit einer Großstadt. (Lü Bu We Richard Wilhelm) |
以里聽者，祿之以里 |
yi3 li3 ting1 zhe3 ，祿 zhi1 yi3 li3 | Wer mit seinem ganzen Weiler gehorcht, der soll belohnt werden mit einem Weiler. (Lü Bu We Richard Wilhelm) |
有能以家聽者，祿之以家 |
you3 neng2 yi3 jia1 ting1 zhe3 ，祿 zhi1 yi3 jia1 | Wer auf diese Worte hört mit seinem ganzen Haus, der soll zusammen mit seiner Familie belohnt werden. (Lü Bu We Richard Wilhelm) |
以邑聽者，祿之以邑 |
yi3 邑 ting1 zhe3 ，祿 zhi1 yi3 邑 | wer mit einer Stadt gehorcht, der soll belohnt werden mit einer Stadt; (Lü Bu We Richard Wilhelm) |
無賞祿以利人 |
wu2 賞祿 yi3 li4 ren2 | sie hatten nicht Geld noch Gut, um den Menschen Vorteile zuzuwenden (Lü Bu We Richard Wilhelm) |
Texte
[Bearbeiten]Han Titel
[Bearbeiten]Auszug aus der englischen Wikipedia: Translation of Han dynasty titles
| Chinesisch | englische Übersetzungen |
|---|---|
| 別駕 | Aide-de-camp, Attendant, Officer, Mounted Escort |
| 博士 | Erudit, Academician |
| 城門校尉 | Colonel of the City Gates, Commandant of the Capital Gates |
| 刺史 | (Regional) Inspector |
| 從事 | Attendant Clerk, Attendant Official, Assistant Officer, Retainer |
| 大夫 | Grandee, Counsellor, Grand Master |
| 大將軍 | General-in-chief, Grand General |
| 大理 | Grand Judge, Chamberlain for Law Enforcement, Superintendent of Trials |
| 大司馬 | Commander-in-chief, Grand Minister of War, Grand Marshal, Marshal of State |
| 大司農 | Grand Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Finance, Chamberlain for the National Treasury, Superintendent of Agriculture |
| 大行令 | (Prefect) Grand Usher, Prefect of the Grand March, Director of Messengers, Superintendent of State Visits |
| 典客 | Director of Guests, Chamberlain for Dependencies, Superintendent of State Visits |
| 典屬國 | Director of Dependent States, Supervisor of Dependent Countries |
| 都尉 | (Chief) Commandant, Defender (in the provinces) |
| 奉常 | Upholder of Ceremonies, Minister of Imperial Ancestral Ceremonies, Chamberlain for Ceremonials, Superintendent of Ceremonial |
| 奉車都尉 | Chief Commandant of Imperial Equipages, Chief Commandant Custodian of the Imperial Equipages, Commandant of the Equipage, Commandant-in-Chief of Chariots |
| 符節令 | Prefect of Insignia and Credentials, Prefect of Tallies and Credentials, Manager of Credentials |
| 功曹[史] | (Officer of the) Bureau of Merit, Merit Evaluator, Officer of Merit, Labor Section Serviceman |
| 公車[司馬]令 | Prefect of the Majors in Charge of Official Carriages, Prefect of Official Carriage's at the Major's Gate, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, Director of Gate Traffic Control, Director of Official Carriages |
| 光祿大夫 | Imperial Household Grandee, Imperial Court Grandee, Household Counsellor, Grand Master for Splendid Happiness, Counsellor of the Palace |
| 光祿勳 | Superintendent of the Imperial Household, Superintendent of the Imperial Court, Minister of the Household, Chamberlain for Attendants, Superintendent of the Palace |
| 虎賁 | Rapid as Tigers imperial guard, Brave as Tigers palace guard |
| 黃門侍郎 | Gentleman(-in-Attendance) of the Yellow Gates, (Attendant) Gentleman at the Yellow Gate, Gentleman Attendant at the Palace Gate |
| 騎都尉 | (Chief) Commandant of Cavalry |
| 祭酒 | Libationer, Chancellor of the National University |
| 將作大匠 | Court Architect, Grand Court Architect, Chamberlain for the Palace Buildings |
| 九卿 | Nine Chamberlains, Nine Ministers (of State) |
| 令 | Prefect, (County) magistrate, Director |
| 牧 | Shepherd, (Regional) Governor, Regional Commissioner |
| 僕射 | Deputy Director, Supervisor, Chief Administrator |
| 三公 | Three Excellencies, Three Ducal Ministers, Three Dukes |
| 尚書 | Master of Writing, Minister of Writing, (Imperial) Secretariat, Chief Steward for Writing, Imperial Secretary |
| 少府 | Privy Treasurer, Minister of the Privy Treasury, Minister Steward, Chamberlain of the Palace Revenues, Superintendent of the Lesser Treasury |
| 侍御史 | Attending Secretary, Attendant Imperial Secretary, Imperial Clerk, Attendant Censor, Secretary in Attendance on the Imperial Counsellor |
| 侍中 | Palace Attendant |
| 水衡都尉 | Chief Commandant of Water(s) and Parks, Commandant of the Imperial Gardens, Superintendent of Waterways and Parks |
| 司空 | Minister of Works, Excellency of Works, Imperial Counsellor, |
| 司馬 | Commander, Major |
| 司徒 | Minister over the Masses, Minister of the Masses, Excellency over the Masses, Minister of Education, Chancellor |
| 太常 | Grand Master/Minister of Ceremonies, Minister of Ceremonies, Chamberlain of Ceremonials, Superintendent of Ceremonial |
| 太傅 | Grand Tutor, Grand Mentor, Senior Tutor |
| 太官[令] | ((Prefect) Grand) Provisioner, Court Provisioner |
| 太僕 | Grand Coachman, Grand Keeper of Equipages, Minister Coachman, Chamberlain for the Imperial Stud, Superintendent of Transport |
| 太史令 | (Prefect) Grand Astrologer, Prefect of the Grand Clerks, Court Astronomer, Director of Astronomy |
| 太守 | (Grand) Administrator, Governor, Grand Protector |
| 太尉 | Grand Commandant, Defender-in-Chief, Supreme Commander |
| 太學 | Academy, Imperial University, Grand College, National University |
| 太醫令 | Prefect (of the) Grand Physicians, Court Physician, Imperial Physician, Director of the Physicians-in-Chief |
| 太中大夫 | Grand Palace Grandee, Palace Counsellor, Superior Grand Master of the Palace, Grand Counsellor of the Palace |
| 太子少傅 | Junior Tutor of the Heir Apparent, Lesser Tutor of the Heir Apparent, Junior Mentor of the Heir Apparent |
| 太子太傅 | Grand Tutor of the Heir-apparent, Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent, Senior Tutor to the Heir Apparent |
| 廷尉 | Commandant of Justice, Minister of Justice, Chamberlain for Law Enforcement, Superintendent of Trials |
| 衛士令 | Prefect of the Guards, Director of the Guardsmen |
| 衛尉 | Commandant of the Guards, Minister of the Guards, Chamberlain for the Palace Garrison, Superintendent of the Guards |
| 五官中郎將 | General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household for All Purposes, General of the Palace Gentlemen of the Five Offices, General of the Household for All Purposes, Leader of the Court Gentlemen for Miscellaneous Uses, Leader of the Gentlemen of the Palace, all purposes |
| 縣令 | Prefect, District Magistrate, County Magistrate |
| 縣長 | Chief, County Magistrate, District Magistrate |
| 相國 | Chancellor of State, Counselor-in-Chief |
| 校尉 | Colonel, Commandant |
| 議郎 | (Gentleman) Consultant, Court Gentleman for Consultation |
| 尹 | Governor, Intendant |
| 右中郎將 | General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household of the Right, General of the Palace Gentlemen of the Right, General of the Household of the Right, Leader of Court Gentlemen of the Right, Leader of the Gentlemen of the Palace of the Right |
| 羽林 | Feathered Forest imperial guard(s), The Forest of Feathers guards, Palace Guard, Elite Yulin Corps |
| 御史大夫 | Grandee Secretary, Imperial Counsellor, Censor-in-Chief |
| 長史 | Chief Clerk, Aide |
| 正 | Director, Supervisor, Head |
| 執金吾 | Bearer of the (Gilded) Mace, Chief of Police, Chamberlain for the Imperial Insignia, Superintendent of the Capital |
| 治粟內史 | Clerk of the Capital for Grain, Clerk of the Capital for Supplies, Secretary of the Interior, Chamberlain for the National Treasury, Superintendent of Agriculture |
| 中郎將 | General of the (Gentlemen-of-the-)Household, General of the Palace Gentlemen, Leader of Court Gentlemen, Leader of the Gentlemen of the Palace |
| 中散大夫 | Palace Attendant Grandee, Palace Grandee Without Specified Appointment, Attendant Counsellor, Grand Master of Palace Leisure |
| 中書 | Palace Writer, Palace Secretary |
| 中書官 | Eunuch Palace Writer |
| 中尉 | Commandant of the Capital, Chamberlain for the Imperial Insignia, Superindendant of the Capital |
| 宗正 | Director of the Imperial Clan, Superintendent of the Imperial Clan, Minister of the Imperial Clan, Chamberlain for the Imperial Clan, |
| 左中郎將 | General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household of the Left, General of the Palace Gentlemen of the Left, General of the Household of the Left, Leader of Court Gentlemen of the Left, Leader of the Gentlemen of the Palace of the Left, |
| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|---|---|
|
聖人重其道而輕其祿，眾人重其祿而輕其道。聖人曰："於道行與？" 眾人曰："於祿殖與？"
Englische Übersetzung siehe ctext.org
Analekte 論語 為政
[Bearbeiten]Text
[Bearbeiten]子曰： 由！誨女知之乎？知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。
子張學干祿。子曰： 多聞闕疑，慎言其餘，則寡尤；多見闕殆，慎行其餘，則寡悔。言寡尤，行寡悔，祿在其中矣。
Richard Wilhelm
[Bearbeiten]Der Meister sprach: »Yu, soll ich dich das Wissen lehren? Was man weiß, als Wissen gelten lassen, was man nicht weiß, als Nichtwissen gelten lassen: das ist Wissen.«
Dsï Dschang wollte eine Lebensstellung erreichen. Der Meister sprach: »Viel hören, das Zweifelhafte beiseite lassen, vorsichtig das Übrige aussprechen, so macht man wenig Fehler. Viel sehen, das Gefährliche beiseite lassen, vorsichtig das Übrige tun, so hat man wenig zu bereuen. Im Reden wenig Fehler machen, im Tun wenig zu bereuen haben: darin liegt eine Lebensstellung.«
James Legge
[Bearbeiten]The Master said, "You, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it - this is knowledge."
Zi Zhang was learning with a view to official emolument. The Master said, "Hear much and put aside the points of which you stand in doubt, while you speak cautiously at the same time of the others - then you will afford few occasions for blame. See much and put aside the things which seem perilous, while you are cautious at the same time in carrying the others into practice - then you will have few occasions for repentance. When one gives few occasions for blame in his words, and few occasions for repentance in his conduct, he is in the way to get emolument."
秦朝
[Bearbeiten]政治体制
秦朝的政治体制为皇帝制与三公九卿制。秦国的政治制度由商鞅打下基础，而李斯是加以发展、延伸。秦朝建立以皇帝为首的中央集团制度，皇帝拥有决定权与人事任免权，被后世中国各朝代所采用，而三公九卿掌握参政权[7]。
三公分别是：处理全国政务、选用百官的丞相，负责监察百官的御史大夫（兼副丞相），掌管全国军队的太尉等。三公待遇相等，但丞相权力最大，居三公之首，御史大夫与太尉为辅佐，而皇帝委托政事给丞相处理。三公是从周朝的官职变迁而来。丞相源自掌握礼节的相，到春秋战国逐渐参与政事，被国君提拔以制衡公卿，最后成为一国最高的行政首长。丞相的职称也非秦国独创，六国皆有丞相之官。秦朝丞相始于前309年，秦武王设置，并分左右丞相。前275年曾以魏冉为相国（比丞相更为尊崇），秦王政时期吕不韦也担任此职。前208年李斯被杀后，赵高以宦官担任，称中丞相。丞相的幕僚有侍中、尚书与舍人等[7]。太尉源自战国的尉，本为君主的侍卫，后为代替贵族掌管军事之官。地位最高的为国尉，赵国也有此职务。秦昭襄王时白起就担任过国尉，秦王政时尉缭也担任此职[7]。但秦朝建立后太尉为虚职，军权由秦始皇直接掌控。御史大夫为副丞相，为御史们的领袖，所以称为大夫。御史本为君王近臣，掌管记事之职，战国时为君主的耳目，替君主监察百官。秦国设大夫为御史领袖，到秦朝时，地位才提升到仅次丞相。重要幕僚有御史承（对内事物）、御史中承（专管监察）及侍御史十五人，另有符节令、领符玺郎数人[7]。
Übersetzungshilfe
[Bearbeiten]Es ist noch keine Übersetzungshilfe vorhanden